Oliver Twist, a poor, innocent orphan boy, stands Essay Example For Students

Oliver Twist, a poor, blameless vagrant kid, stands Essay out in this story as the principle character yet it is the supporting characters that permit this novel of much substance to build up a significantly more fulfilling and conceivable topic. With Good V.S. Detestable as one of the significant clashes, in such classifications are the auxiliary characters found also. Three primary assistant characters of Oliver Twist help the elaboration of the story; these huge characters are Mr. Brownlow speaking to virtue, trustworthiness and goodness, Nancy as mostly honest, somewhat lowlife and in conclusion on the other extraordinary of the scale: Fagin, the image of fiendishness, defilement and control. All through the story we are acquainted with every one of these characters through an omniscient perspective, and can order them as indicated by their characters, considerations and activities. With their varying degrees of genuineness and economic wellbeing, every one of them assume a urgent job in the improvement of the storys subject. As the gre ater part of the creators characters, Mr. Brownlow as well, is carried out with an aberrant introduction however it isn't long subsequent to presenting him that his healthy goodness is uncovered to us. Despite the fact that from the outset he blames Oliver for stealing, his anxiety over Olivers government assistance on the road is an immediate trace of his guiltlessness which effectively causes him persuade Oliver to board at his home. A liberal and confiding in man he was, maybe too acceptable a man to be valid; however with all the noxious characters in the story, a gallant and unadulterated persona was expected to guarantee a cheerful consummation. With trustworthiness and incredible riches as his prime characteristics, he helps Oliver in his critical crossroads and shows to society with a praiseworthy touch, the properties of an ideal resident. As the positive extraordinary in both economic wellbeing and altruism, Mr. Brownlow is a positive guide in the advancement of the subjec t all through the novel. Nancy, for us, must be the most fragile character. Caught between needing to assist Oliver with dodging Fagins misuse and her committed love for Sikes; she neglects to make due to the end as she is sentenced and incidentally killed by her own better half : Sikes, a fierce and oppressive man. Be that as it may, there is an incredible requirement for this optional character in the story, she serves not just as a tie between the scenes at the distinctive house holds yet also she is the main any desire for salvation for Oliver. Without her, Oliver may have never gotten the opportunity to experience childhood in a caring home and figure out how to be appropriate in his activities and unadulterated in the spirit. Despite the fact that her ununderstandable love for Sikes is straightforward more often than not, her own spirit held a much more prominent commitment to Oliver, for she gets her own significant other alcoholic and acts the hero. Nancy finds in Oliver the honesty of her own youth being ransacked by Fagins beguiling negligence. Nancy gives the story another opportunity for Oliver into an appropriate, fair world. It costs her, her life, yet she succeeds in helping Oliver just as doing a ton of equity for society. Ready to spare Oliver from malevolence and placing insidious itself in jail, Nancy triumphs over the entirety of her mischievous colleagues and is the rotating purpose of Olivers come back to security. Not just as an approach to present new plots in the story, yet just as the topics most prominent help, she is a pleasant character that could have just been made after much arranging and thought. Fagin was a jew depicted by the creator in such a way, that one may think Dickens were supremacist somewhat. His convictions of Jews were that a Jew only from time to time hoodlums, however is more terrible than a cheat when he urges others to steal. As he would see it, In each town there is a Jew, occupant or tramping; if a theft is a ffected, the property is covered up till a Jew is found, and a deal is then made. Fagin is portrayed in such a style in this story that one is nearly compelled to despise his character. Old, revolting and a Jew, Fagin is related with head climatic gadgets that give the novel interesting force. In addition to the fact that Fagin seeks to catch Oliver perpetually by making him an associate in wrongdoing, yet it likewise appears that he has otherworldly powers to search him out of any place his old buddies may conceal him. Really the foe, Fagin and his irreverent powers are to Oliver as the fallen angel himself is to a perfect human. Despite the fact that profoundly intricate and interpretive in its substance, Oliver Twist, similar to a getaway story, where the miscreant gets what he merits and the hero lives joyfully ever after, its fundamental plot follows this equivalent example. Fagin, as he merits, winds up in jail and goes intellectually crazy, while Oliver, the honest little you ngster, gets an incredible home and a caring family. However, Fagin isn't all despicable, in light of the fact that subsequent to going to prison, where he understands that all his taken merchandise will do him no decent now, he gives Oliver back what was at one time his, his mom Agnes ring; which thus releases Olivers lineage and gives the story a progressively sound plot. It is the unpredictable optional characters of this story that license it to connect and contact all the degrees of society; these being the rich, poor people and the man in the center. These equivalent three characters are what allows this story with a topic that catches reality amidst Englands nineteenth century. As uncovered all through the story, Englands nineteenth century was an age of much neediness and incredible social issues which brought about a general public of two contradicting classes: the well off and poor people. Inside these two classes lay two other contradicting powers: the great and the terri ble. Similarly that great and terrible exist inside all classes in the novel, something very similar can be said about reality. What the subject of this story says about the truth is that in todays society, it doesnt matter whether you are rich or poor, instructed or not, most able people have the capacity to pass judgment on directly from wrong and are thusly allowed to settle on whatever decisions in their lives they wish to make, gave however, that they can live with the outcomes of their choices. In Olivers case, even similarly as an exceptionally little fellow, he excessively had the option to pass judgment on directly from wrong and winds up chosing not to take. Because of his choice, youthful Oliver is given a glad home and a promising future. Then again, Fagins judgment isn't so capable, and finishing up, he stays with only craziness and a grave life in prison till his last day occurs. .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 , .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .postImageUrl , .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 , .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:hover , .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:visited , .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:active { border:0!important; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:active , .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:hover { murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4a451f59e8 2c0b5f802222e0460acd72 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4a451f59e82c0b5f802222e0460acd72:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Katha Essay We will compose a custom paper on Oliver Twist, a poor, blameless vagrant kid, stands explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now

This Fall Apart Essays - African Writers Series, Free Essays

This Fall Apart Essays - African Writers Series, Free Essays This Fall Apart Paper ON THINGS FALL APART Things self-destruct recounts to an account of an African clan and it's societies. It recounts to the narrative of the life of a man by the name of Okonkwo, by his deep rooted companion, Obierika. Okonkwo, a very much regarded individual from his town, wanted to be masculine consistently. He was a dad and a spouse of three wives and endeavored to help his family; he started doing as such at an extremely youthful age. By no means would he ever warrant the suspicion by any man that he was either frail or apprehensive. The main dread that he had was that any man consider such him. Okonkwo had a short, rough temper that was quickly activated because of activities that he regarded to be feeble of another. Sadly, pretty much every time that Okonkwo let free his vicious temper in his masculine way, he brought inconvenience upon himself, just as everyone around him. In spite of the fact that profoundly regarded in his town, Okonkwo was ousted and expelled from the town for a long time. This was the consequence of the homicide of a clansman. In spite of the fact that the demonstration was really incidental during the burial service of a senior in the town, to slaughter individual clansmen was not acknowledged. During the function firearms where shot, Okonkwo unintentionally discharged his weapon, slaughtering the child of the dead senior. Since this was done incidentally he had the option to come back to the town with his family subsequent to being ousted for a long time. During the seven years of his outcast, the Ibo town began to self-destruct. The defeat of the Ibo profoundly was the instrument that set off the destruction of the Ibo town and it's vocation. White ministers developed on the town carrying with them their Christian religion and convictions that were very surprising from the Ibo individuals. This was two years after one of their own was slaughtered in the town. Despite the fact that the breakdown was essentially brought about by three men, Mr. Earthy colored, Rev. James Smith, and the District Commissioner, it was the lack of involvement of the town (Umuofia), just as the intensity of the strategic's that prompted the downfall of the Ibo lifestyle. Unmistakably this reinforced the believability of the new white men and their religion. Futhermore, a significant blow was managed to the Ibo religion. Christianity gave a response to the inquiries' kin had about their otherworldliness: the Ibo religion started to give off an impression of being bogus as a matter of course. The new religion's legitimacy and acknowledgment, combined with the void made by the disintegration of the void made by the disintegration of the Ibo profoundly, left the remaining Ibo adherents over controlled by the Christian proselytes and their new devotees. A last outline of Okonkwo's rash activities driving languishing over himself and everyone around him happens when he quickly executes the head dispatcher who comes to Umuofia to separate a town meeting. Okonkwo and his kindred residents met up and were wanting to slaughter the ministers. The errand person faced Okonkwo requesting to get by. Ready to talk just two short sentences, Okonkwo irately killed him; taking his cleaver and removing his head. This didn't create a war of any kind. The staying three delivery people proceeded with their excursion and the locals never assaulted. This carried a definitive enduring to Okonkwo, who hangs himself, just as the languishing over the remainder of the clan, who may not cover him and some of whom are brought to the court where Okonkwo and some others had at one time endured. In finishing up I would state that Africans in their conventional convictions and morals, are extremely enthusiastic about what I would think about otherworldly, or mysterious forces. A portion of their convictions I could acknowledge in a profound manner yet not as a method of carrying on with my life. The beating of one's better half isn't supported under any conditions, and impacts the network in general. This is viewed as absolutely inadmissible yet not on the grounds that it occurred on an inappropriate day but since it's ethically off-base. Exposition ON THINGS FALL APART Things self-destruct recounts to an account of an African clan and it's societies. It recounts to the tale of the life

How to Talk About Your PTSD Diagnosis

How to Talk About Your PTSD Diagnosis PTSD Coping Print How to Talk About Your PTSD Diagnosis By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on September 29, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Martin Barraud/Caiaimage/Getty Images It can be difficult for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to share the news of their diagnosis with others, but it doesnt have to be. While individuals with PTSD dont need to disclose their diagnosis to anyone and everyone, its important not to keep the condition from loved ones. After all, your loved ones are likely to see the symptoms of the disorder and how they affect you. Moreover, loved ones can be an excellent source of social support, which has been found to be incredibly beneficial for people with PTSD. Social support may speed up recovery from PTSD and help someone overcome the effects of a traumatic event. Still, telling others about a PTSD diagnosis can be a  stressful thing. Learn the best way to break the news with the tips that follow.   Learn About the Diagnosis of PTSD Before you tell anyone about your PTSD diagnosis, it is important that you understand the diagnosis yourself. Learn as much as you can about PTSD, which is often misunderstood. It is very possible that your loved ones will have many questions for you about PTSD. Make sure that you can address those questions or, at the very least, direct them to resources to get their questions answered. Some people find it helpful to print out information which describes the symptoms of PTSD and important information ahead of time. This way they can not only share what they are feeling but give their loved ones something concrete to continue to read and think about after the discussion. Identify People That You Trust and Who Can Provide Support You do not need to tell everyone about your PTSD. Share the information with those people who are going to be understanding, trustworthy, nonjudgmental, and supportive. In other words, dont share the news with the family gossip or the loved one likely to criticize you about the disorder. Anyone who has a history of such toxic behaviors should be eliminated from your list of confidants. You may even wish to review some of the types of toxic friends and read some tips on how to avoid toxic people in your life. Toxic people not only do not pay proper respect for the honor of having you share your deep feelings but take time away from the good relationships that can help you heal. Set Aside a Time to Tell Others After you identify the individuals you are going to tell about your PTSD diagnosis, make sure you set aside a good time to do so. Allow yourself the time needed to share the diagnosis, nerves and all. Consider that the person you tell may react emotionally to the news, so make sure that you make the disclosure in a place and at a time that is not stressful for you. Invite a friend over for tea. Take a family member out to lunch. You want to set up a situation where you have the persons undivided attention. Choose What to Disclose You do not need to tell your loved ones everything. For example, you do not need to disclose specific information or specific details about your traumatic event. You are in control: what to disclose is completely up to you. Give them enough information to understand the diagnosis and what they can do to help. If someone asks you an uncomfortable question that you do not want to answer, it is perfectly okay to simply say, Im sorry, but I am not ready to talk about that yet. Prepare beforehand by coming up with some things you can say if someone asks you a question you do not want to answer. You can blame us here at Verywell if necessary, quoting us as saying that you do not need to talk about those specific details now, or anytime in the future. (You may feel very vulnerable as you cope with PTSD, and need to know that people have your back.) Your friends and family members who will support you will be comfortable with that reply. A true friend will want to support you no matter the history behind your symptoms. Eliminate Confusion About PTSD Be prepared to give your friend or family member the basics on PTSD. Tell them what symptoms commonly occur in PTSD and why. If you are telling someone who is going to be providing you with social support, it is important that they have a good foundation of knowledge on PTSD. They need to understand why certain symptoms and behaviors occur, what they look like and how they can be addressed. Talk to Others With PTSD If you know other people with PTSD, talk with them to see how they disclosed their diagnosis to loved ones. What worked well for them? What would they do differently if they had to do it again? You can gain some valuable information from the experiences of others with PTSD or who are recovering from PTSD. There are many support groups and online support communities for people living with PTSD. It may take a while to find the right group, but once you do, the group can be a wonderful base for you. Touch base and ask away. Others who have walked this walk will likely have many ideas to help you as you share your diagnosis, that someone who hasnt walked that path would never know. Prepare Yourself in Case They Dont Understand Finally, prepare yourself for the possibility that someone may not be supportive or understanding of what you are going through. Sometimes people may not be ready to hear what you have to tell them. This can be a very difficult experience to encounter, and it has the potential to make you feel ashamed or embarrassed. It may also prevent you from seeking out support from others. Before you tell anyone about your PTSD, make sure you have some coping skills ready to deal with the possibility that someone may not give you the response you want. Keep in mind that some people, perhaps those closest to you that you most need to understand, never will. That doesnt mean they are bad people. Those who havent experienced PTSD or anything near PTSD may never understand. Dont forget that there is a huge community of people out there who will understand. That doesnt mean that you need to abandon those closest to you. We often need different things from different people, and in this area, you may need to get your support from others who have faced similar enough challenges that they understand your need to share and not feel alone. In some cases, loved ones may be experiencing their own form of PTSD. Take a moment to consider this as a possibility. Its not uncommon for a couple to both have elements of PTSD, and both be struggling to a point at which their strength isnt sufficient to support the other. This is when support groups and others come into play beautifully. You may both need support so that you can face this disorder together. For Loved Ones If your loved one has recently divulged her journey with PTSD you may be experiencing a myriad of emotions yourself. None of us like to see anyone hurt, and seeing a loved one hurting can be worse than hurting ourselves. Check out ideas on how PTSD in a loved one can affect you so that you can care for yourself as you reach out to your loved one. Remember, You Are in Control In the end, it is important for you to know that you do not have to disclose your PTSD to anyone before you are ready. You are in control. You decide who to disclose your diagnosis to and when. PTSD is never a sign of weakness, and it is never the fault of the person with the diagnosis. Surrounding yourself with people who understand, care for and support you can greatly reduce the stigma around a PTSD diagnosis and aid in recovery. PTSD can be a very difficult diagnosis to cope with; however, recovery is definitely possible.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder is classified as an extreme anxiety disorder that has characteristics of both mood and personality disorders. Symptoms are brought on after an individual experiences a traumatic event. Though not everyone that experiences a traumatic event goes on to develop PTSD, seven to eight percent of the U.S. population will experience PTSD at some point in their lives. Symptoms of PTSD include four main categories of symptoms: reliving, avoidance, hyper arousal, and Negative changes in beliefs and feelings. Reliving the event can include nightmares, flashbacks, occurrence of triggers which are things that a person may hear, see, or smell that causes an individual to relive the event. A person experiencing†¦show more content†¦The individual may experience changes in their feelings towards their self and others (PTSD: How). Diagnosis PTSD is diagnosed using the DSM-IV. Individuals must first and foremost experience or witness an event in which actual or threatened harm is involved (Nathan). This includes but is not limited to: physical or sexual assault, serious accidents, child sexual or physical abuse, combat exposure, terrorist attack and natural disasters. Such events can bring on an â€Å"intense fear, helplessness or horror† (Nathan). Symptoms discussed above meet the criteria B through D according to the DSM-VI for PTSD. Criteria E is that the symptoms must be present for at least one month and show clinical impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functionality (criteria F) (Nathan). Statistics An estimated eight percent of U.S. citizens have PTSD at any given time (Guess). Seventy percent of adults in the U.S. have experienced some type of traumatic event at least once in their lives and up to 20 percent go on to develop PTSD (PTSD: How). It is estimated 1 out of 10 women develops PTSD; women are about twice as likely as men (PTSD: How). Almost 50 percent of all outpatient mental health patients have PTSD. One study conducted on numerous college campuses found that one

The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 1816 Words

During the late eighteen hundreds, which was the time of Edna Pontellier who was a protagonist of her time, women were thought of as nothing but house wives whose only task was to take care of her husband and children. Kate Chopin’s book, The Awakening, expresses the failures and the successes in a woman s life as she tries to live with the harsh cultural demands placed on her life. Edna fights against the stereotype mother/woman and the pressures of 1899 that demand her to be a meek and loyal housewife. Although Edna ultimately commits suicide thus wasting her efforts against an oppressive society, The Awakening still supports and endorses feminism as a method for women to gain sexual liberation, financial independence, and a personal identity. Feminism is most often thought of as a method used for educating society on the rights of women. It teaches that men and women are equal in every way both civil and societal. Charlotte Bunch, realizing that this is not always the case , also defined feminism as a way of looking at the world a questioning of power and domination issues. A great deal of feminists attempt to ignore the ideas of a stereotypical women and move them away from people who don’t. They fight to find, study, and do away with biases in a world filled with ignorant men who see women only as objects and not equals. There are however, women who announce their immense intellect, wealth, and vibrant and free personalities to those who oppress them. A womanShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1479 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s controversial novel, The Awakening, ignited turmoil because of her blatant disregard of the established 19th century perspective of women upholding strictly maternal and matrimonial responsibilities. Edna’s candid exploration of the restrictions on women through her liberal behavior in a conservative Victorian society makes her a literary symbol for feminist ideals. Despite denunciation from other people, Edna chooses individuality over conformity through her veering from traditionalRead MoreThe Awakening by Kate Chopin1102 Words   |  5 Pagesveracity of this quote as both find their independence by boldly exceeding the norm. Their stories were fashioned during a period of great change and both characters are hallmarks of the hope and power women were unearthing at the time. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy are novels concerned with the transformation of women’s roles in society. Their protagonists, Tess and Edna, are not outright feminists, but they are acutely aware of the limitations imposed uponRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1919 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, we see how much of an importance the men in Edna’s life serve as a purpose to her awakening. Chopin is known to write stories about women who are unsatisfied with their lives while living in a life that is dominated by men. Other than Edna, the main men characters are typical men of the late 19th century era. Chopin shows how these three men are diverse from one another. The Creole men are Là ©once Pontellier, Edna’s husband, Robert, Edna’s mystery man numberRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin901 Words   |  4 Pagescandidly. Kate Chopin is honorably amongst this group of authors. Her works divinely portrayed the culture of New Orleans and the lives of Louisiana s Creole and Cajun residents. Chopin openly express her views on sex, marriage, and the injustices of women during the time. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, best exemplifies the contextual achievement of realism through the rejection of conformity, the exploration of love, and the weight of social opinion on individual choices. The Awakening is publishedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening By: Kate Chopin Emely Maldonado AP LIT Period 3 Topic 3 Maldonado 1 Displacement The late 1800s and the 1900s was a prison for woman’s individuality. During this time period, stereotypical views of women were commenced by society and men. In the era that the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin was published, the gender roles were graved in stone, men would work to maintain their family and women would adhere to the house-hold duties. Dissatisfaction with theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin887 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism has been a term used by many authors and writers for centuries, symbolizing women being able to use freedom the way they want to, not the way others want them to use it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beg inningRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1427 Words   |  6 Pagessuffering an imposition (Moderata). Throughout history, the inherent inferiority of women to men has often been cited as a way to deter women from becoming an individual and pursuing more in life. This notion is a prevalent issue in The Awakening by Kate Chopin; in which Edna fights to live her own way and is ultimately unable to survive in the cage of society. Not only has this supposed inferiority effected women for generations, but it has created inequality in our society today; especially inRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1633 Words   |  7 Pages1. Title of text (underline novels/plays) author’s name The Awakening by Kate Chopin 2. Characterization Character Development (a) 1.Edna Pontellier- Edna is the main character of the novel who is married to a businessman. Edna is a dynamic character because at the beginning of the novel, she conforms to society by being the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife; however, Edna suddenly realizes that she is no longer happy with the way she was living her life and began to become independent only for herRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin915 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Kate Chopin’s writings are trademarked by her unique, deliberate word choices. Chopin uses phrases that do not make sense and seem to contradict themselves to get across a point. In two of her stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening,† Chopin’s word usage highlights the idea of self-discovery. â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† share similar themes. â€Å"The Awakening† is the story of a woman in the late 1800s discovering her apathy for her traditional female role as a wife

Arthur Rackham Illustration Essay Free Essays

Arthur Rackham (1867-1939), the most well known Illustrator of his time. His work brought life to many different stories such as the Grimm’s fairy tales, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and many of Shakespeare’s work. Rackham approach to these tales is full of ‘grace and grotesque’, it is often that in the same image, Rackham would have a beautiful young girl and an old wrinkled creature. We will write a custom essay sample on Arthur Rackham Illustration Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The drawing also include so much raw emotion Rackham’s work possesses a style of line and colour use that were very prominent in the Art Nouveau movement (1890-1914), a style that has is starting become popular again a century later. Rackham became a full time artist at the young age of 25 as a reporter and illustrator for The Westminster Budget and also did some small book illustration jobs, but it wasn’t until he was 37 (1905) that his career took off with the publication of Rip Van Winkle. The years following his rise to fame were very productive. Making work for over 30 different tales, averaging 13 colour plates for each project. My favourite works Rackham did were his Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Apart from loving the story Carroll wrote, I think Rackham’s illustrations are so beautiful and fit the story perfectly. My favourite from this series of drawings is Advice from a Caterpillar. Done in 1907, the 24. 5 x 16 cm drawing is only a few cm smaller than A4 but shows such intricate line work. Bibliography http://www. alephbet. com/arthur-rackham-101. php http://www. library. pitt. edu/libraries/is/enroom/illustrators/rackham. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arthur_Rackham How to cite Arthur Rackham Illustration Essay, Essays

The Many Benefits of Writing

Writing is an activity that seems almost genetically ingrained in us. We’re natural storytellers, so it’s no surprise that we have writings (like the Epic of Gilgamesh) going back more than 5000 years. But writing is good for more than just disseminating information and telling stories; it has many personal benefits as well. Writing as Therapy Humans are hard-wired to be communicative beings. Generally, we love to share our experiences and communicating about bad experiences tends to make us feel better. However, according to research, blogging and writing about our experiences can trigger the same chemicals in our brain that help us relieve stress when we talk about our feelings. It turns out that our high school English teachers were onto something when they forced us to write in a journal every day. Writing helps us to be happier and less stressed! Better Communication A limited vocabulary can constrain the expression of thoughts, feelings and ideas. It’s disheartening to have a great idea but not being able to fully express it in a clear way. Luckily, regular writing seems to boost the ability to communicate effectively. According to Judy Willis, who studied writing in math and science-based learning, folks who wrote regularly were able to better describe their abstract thoughts into something more readily understandable. Twitter and texting can sometimes lead to us overly condensing our ideas into a package that isn’t always as clear as it could be, but regular long-form writing can help counteract that tendency. Communication takes practice, so it’s no wonder that people who write often are also usually good at other forms of expression! One way to better retain information is to rewrite it as if you were needing to teach the info to someone else. Since you’ll be writing to keep the message fresh, you’ll tend to seek out other sources that will reinforce your ideas and cement the data in your mind. Many teachers can attest that learning to just answer test questions will sometimes lead to your brain categorizing the data as unimportant, to be dumped after the test is over. But learning as if you were going to have to teach something will help your brain flag the information as essential, so you’ll retain the information more readily. Writing out your ideas is an important step in the process. Think about all the scientists who have written books: that writing actually helps the scientists’ memory retention! Writing Leads to More Writing One of the indirect benefits of writing is that you’ll be able to branch off of what you already have learned while composing an article and use that data to write other things. The most successful Internet writers are able to take information and present it in different, but relevant, ways. While not an obvious benefit, work tends to lead to more work. So keep learning and writing about what you’ve learned! Making Money Thirty years ago, many writers could only dream about the ease at which we can get our writing out into the world. From blogs to newsletters to social media, our ability to self-express today is pretty amazing. The Internet has given us the ability to turn that self-expression into money-earning potential. If you think you have the chops, why not try writing with Constant Content? We have numerous writing opportunities for you to use your skills to make some extra cash. The benefits of writing are abundant—more abundant than a simple blog post could fully explain. However, the benefits above already far outweigh the effort it takes to jot down your thoughts. The research adds up: if you want to be a happier, more expressive and have a memory like a steel trap, writing is simply too good an activity to ignore.

Learn How to Conjugate Tourner (to Turn) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Tourner (to Turn) in French If you guessed that the French verb  tourner  means to turn, you would be correct. The similarities between the English and French make it easy to remember. French students will be happy to know that this is a regular verb, so conjugating it isnt too difficult, either. The Basic Conjugations of  Tourner Among all the French verb conjugations you can study, tourner falls into the largest category. As a regular -er verb, the conjugation pattern you see here is the same for the majority of French verbs, including retourner (to return), tomber (to fall), and countless others. Consider studying a few at a time to make each just a little easier to remember. To begin, the indicative mood includes the basic forms of  tourner. Here you will find the present, future, and imperfect past tenses, which you will use frequently in French conversations. Start by recognizing the verb stem (or radical) as  tourn-. From there, use the chart to learn which ending is applied that corresponds to both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. You will get results such as  je tourne  (I am turning) and  nous tournerons  (we will turn). Present Future Imperfect je tourne tournerai tournais tu tournes tourneras tournais il tourne tournera tournait nous tournons tournerons tournions vous tournez tournerez tourniez ils tournent tourneront tournaient The Present Participle of  Tourner As with all regular -er  verbs, the  present participle  is formed by adding  -ant  to the radical. This produces the word  tournant. Tourner  in the Compound Past Tense You will use the  past participle  tournà © and an auxiliary verb when forming the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  of  tourner. This is the compound past tense used often in French.   To form it, conjugate  avoir  to the present tense, then add  tournà ©. This results in things like  jai tournà ©Ã‚  (I turned) and  nous avons tournà ©Ã‚  (we turned). More Simple Conjugations of  Tourner Your use of  tourner  in French conversations will have a good foundation if you concentrate on the forms above. It will be even better if you know  the subjunctive  and  the conditional  forms. Each has their use in further defining your meaning: the subjunctive questions the act of turning and the conditional says its dependent on conditions. In written French, it is very likely that you will find  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive. While they may not be used frequently, they are still good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tourne tournerais tournai tournasse tu tournes tournerais tournas tournasses il tourne tournerait tourna tournt nous tournions tournerions tournmes tournassions vous tourniez tourneriez tourntes tournassiez ils tournent tourneraient tournrent tournassent When you want to tell someone to Turn! or use  tourner  in similarly direct sentences,  the  imperative  is used. This is where you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Tourne ! Imperative (tu)              tourne (nous)     Ã‚  tournons​​ (vous)        tournez

How to Make Floam

How to Make Floam Floam  is a slimy substance with polystyrene beads in it that kids can mold into shapes. You can sculpt with it or use it to coat other objects. You can store it to reuse it or allow it to dry if you want permanent creations. Its a lot of fun, but not always easy to locate. You might be able to buy it at some stores and online, but you can make a type of Floam yourself. As with slime, its very safe, though anything containing food coloring can stain surfaces. Dont eat Floam. Polystyrene beads simply arent food. How to Make Floam Difficulty: Easy Time Required: This is a quick project: It takes only minutes Supplies 2 tsp. borax1/2 cup water1/4 cup white glue (such as Elmers)1/4 cup waterFood coloringA resealable plastic bag1 1/3 cups polystyrene beads Steps Dissolve 2 teaspoons of  borax completely in 1/2 cup (4 ounces) of water. Two teaspoons of borax will produce a stiff product. If you want more flexible Floam, try 1 teaspoon of borax instead.In a separate container, mix 1/4 cup (2 ounces) of white glue and 1/4 cup of water. Stir in food coloring.Pour the glue solution and the polystyrene beads into a plastic bag. Add the borax solution and knead it until its well mixed. Use 1 tablespoon of the borax solution for a very fluid Floam, 3 tablespoons for average Floam, and the entire amount for stiff Floam.To keep your Floam, store it in a sealed bag in the refrigerator to discourage mold. Otherwise, you can allow it to dry into whatever shape you choose. Tips for Success How it works: The borax reacts to crosslink the polyvinyl acetate molecules in the glue. This forms a flexible polymer.If you use a 4-percent solution of polyvinyl alcohol instead of glue, you will get a more transparent product that will hold shapes better.You can find polystyrene beads at craft stores, usually as fillers for bean bags or dolls. You can grind plastic foam cups using a cheese grater if you like.

Blakley and Johnson Revised Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Blakley and Johnson Revised - Essay Example It can be justifiably asserted therefore that a combination of digital technologies and internet usage enables millions of people in the world rapid access of various information than any historical library, allowing people to be an innovative and creators in their own perspective. The collaborative and shared platform brought about by digitization elicits different reactions. On one hand, proponents of the idea strongly suggest that it has transformed how people share and create information, creating a platform for product innovation and how people â€Å"own† and â€Å"copy† information. On the other hand however, Governments and technological companies view low restrictions placed on IP as a potential threat to cloud computing and mobile technologies. Blakley’s model of open copyrights provides enlightening information on IP rights from a business perspective. Her elaborate ideas of the phases of technology in determining the information to be copyright protect ed and subsequent elements in ownership from a fashion industry offers additional insights into technological innovations and the kind of ownership required in a digitized economy. (Blakely) At the same time, Johnson Steven’s â€Å"Where Good Ideas come from† examines the origin of innovative ideas from a historical perspective. In his analysis of the origin of great innovative ideas, Stephen starts his journey from London’s Coffee House â€Å"Liquid Networks† through Darwinian slow ideas of the revolution towards today’s highly technological creations brought about by the internet and the world wide web. (Johnson) The concept of ownership infers having control over any form of a thing, or an idea. Sharing on the other hand implies that other persons have access to the idea or object, and can even incorporate new ideas into the existing idea to come up with a modified version. Usually, the association between ownership and balancing is often achiev ed when a person has the ability to appreciate an object or an idea without having to ask who controls the idea or object. It therefore implies that both parties derive benefits from the shared item and non existence of role confusion while enjoying that idea or creation. The balance and concept of ownership are often easily understood when referring to tangible assets like objects and things as opposed to intangible issues like ideas. There exist various issues surrounding the sharing of information and innovation and pragmatic issues of copyrights. In essence, proponents of the open creation or low IP suggests that the success of an innovation depends whether an innovation is shared by the creator, and the achievement of equilibrium is largely dependent on voluntary sharing by the owner of the idea. While supporting this theory, Johana Blakely offers insightful information into the sharing of ownership ideas. She relates the success stories from the fashion industry where the sect or has recorded tremendous gains from sharing of fashion ideas. She further argues that the sharing platform as witnessed in the fashion industry enables all fashion designers to share and enable them to incorporate other people’s ideas into their creations. The fashion industry does not have any copyright law for these ideas. The success in this approach presents high gross sales in sectors that have low IP protection as

Security Risk Assessment and Audit into the connection of the internal Essay

Security Risk Assessment and Audit into the connection of the internal network with the Internet - Essay Example Information confidentiality is maintained by preventing unauthorized persons from accessing vital system information. Integrity handles an aspect that prevents that information from being manipulated by other external sources. Data should also be available for use when required by the relevant parties and not hoarded by other system resources. It is thus fundamental to protect these aspects of data in order to ensure that information within an organization is secure. In order to ensure appropriate security management of information within an organization, it is vital that the mission statement and the charter be defined for reference. The mission statement outlines the overall goals that the information security program within the organization seeks to achieve and provides guidelines necessary for strategic direction. The charter, on the other hand, avails provisions for the specific rights and privileges granted to the security team members from the organization. 1.2 Justification f or use of a security metrics program A security management program cannot be complete without the use of security metrics (Dexter, 2002). These are used to show the changing maturity of an information security program over time. The combination of metrics and reporting tools can be used to display the results and outcomes of past investments in information security and guide decisions for future information systems. 2.0 IT Security Management It security risk management is considered a series of steps that are undertaken to ensure the safety of information within an organization. It is a continuous process that begins from the process of assessment right down to implementation. And even after implementation, the process loops back to assessment because risks to information networks are diverse and constantly change necessitating the iterative process (Sennewald, 2011). This process is detailed below: Figure 1: An iterative process to IT security Management Risk assessment is the ini tial step that involves the identification of potential threats to the information networks ((Boyce & Jennings, 2002). Based on the results of this assessment, an appropriate policy is developed to maintain a secure protection framework. This includes the development of security guidelines, assigning security responsibilities to members of staff and implementing total technical security protections. Once this has been achieved, a series of compliance reviews and re-assessment activities are conducted to provide assurance that the security controls have been properly implemented. This information is collected through a process of periodic audits on the system (Purser, 2004). 3.0 Differences between a Security Risk Assessment and Security Audit 3.1 Security Risk Assessment This is conducted at the beginning of the process of security management to identify areas of change. It is often referred to as the baseline study that will be used to depict the amount of change that the organizat ion has gone through since the last assessment (Snedaker & McCrie, 2011). It includes an analysis of all the assets and processes that relate to the system. It also identifies all the threats that could affect

Christian Discipleship :: Religion Jesus Christianity Essays

Christian Discipleship Discipleship means ^one who follows^ or ^one who learns^ and this meaning has not changed over the centuries. The first disciples must have felt very special just as do today. Also, the first disciples were not fully understood and were rejected. This is true for disciples today aswell. The Bible is the most important reference for a Christian today. It contains all sorts of stories from the Old Testament and the New Testament. The New Testament concentrates on the life of Jesus which is probably more important to Christians than the Old Testament because Jesus^ death means that everyone has a chance to have all of their sins forgiven. The book I will be concentrating on is the gospel of Mark. Mark ^zoomed in^ on whom Jesus chose to be his disciples and what they were like. When people read Mark^s gospel they realise that you can be a disciple of Jesus no matter who you are. Jesus said, ^It is not the healthy who need a doctor but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous but the sinners^ (Mark 2:17) Many people today see this and are inspired. They see that they too can be forgiven for all of their sins and lead a better life. Being a disciple today is nearly the same as being a disciple in the time of Jesus. As a disciple today you still have to have a true belief in God and to follow the word of Jesus. This is also true for disciples 2000 years ago. Christians today do not suffer as much as they did in the time of Jesus but in some countries Christians do get persecuted and even attacked or killed. The first twelve disciples are not so sacrificial and some probably wouldn^t give their life for God. However, there are still Christians who would do anything for God but this is only a small percent of Christians. The first twelve disciples weren^t just Christians straight away, they dropped all of their things to follow Jesus and spent years learning about God. Nowadays, many people wouldn^t just drop all of their things to follow someone they know nothing about. Many people are told about God and Jesus for a long time before becoming a Christian, just like in Emmanuel College in assemblies and in tutor prayer. Jesus told taught crowds of people that they must sacrifice everything to be a proper disciple. Some people want to learn more about Christianity but don^t want to be sacrificial in their living making them unable to be a disciple.

Oscar Wilde Constanly Mocks Victorian Society Essay

Act III offers happy resolution to the problems of identity and marriage that drive much of the humor in the previous acts. Wilde continues to mock the social customs and attitudes of the aristocratic class. He relentlessly attacks their values, views on marriage and respectability, sexual attitudes, and concern for stability in the social structure. Wilde attacks social behavior with the continuation of speeches by his characters that are the opposite of their actions. While Cecily and Gwendolen agree to keep a dignified silence, Gwendolen actually states that they will not be the first ones to speak to the men. In the very next line she says, â€Å"Mr. Worthing, I have something very particular to ask you.† Wilde seems to be saying that people speak as if they have strong opinions, but their actions do not support their words. If actions truly do speak louder than words, Wilde has made his point: Society, literally, speaks volumes, but the words are meaningless. Wilde continues his criticism of society’s valuing style over substance when Gwendolen says, â€Å"In matters of grave importance, style, not sincerity is the vital thing.† Lady Bracknell discusses Algernon’s marriage assets in the same light. She says, â€Å"Algernon is an extremely, I may almost say an ostentatiously, eligible young man. He has nothing, but he looks everything. What more can one desire?† Indeed, in a society where looks are everything and substance is discounted, Algernon is the perfect husband. What else do aristocrats value? They seem to esteem the appearance of respectability. Respectability means children are born within the context of marriage. Wilde once again mocks the hypocrisy of the aristocrats who appear to value monogamy but pretend not to notice affairs. Jack’s speech to Miss Prism, whom he believes to be his mother, is humorous in both its indignant defense of marriage and also its mocking of the loudly touted religious reformer’s virtues of repentance and forgiveness. He says to Miss Prism, â€Å"Unmarried! I do not deny that is a serious blow†¦. Mother, I forgive you.† His words are all the more humorous when Miss Prism indignantly denies being his mother. It was not at all unusual for aristocrats to have children born out of wedlock, but society turned its head, pretended not to know about those children, and did not condemn their fathers. The gulf between the upper class and its servants is explored in the scenes with Merriman and Prism. When Lady Bracknell unexpectedly shows up at Jack’s, Merriman coughs discretely to warn the couples of her arrival. One can only imagine his humorous thoughts as he watches the wealthy tiptoe around each other and argue about what should be important. When Lady Bracknell hears the description of Prism and recognizes her as their former nanny, she calls for Miss Prism by shouting â€Å"Prism!† without using a title in front of her name. Imperiously, Lady Bracknell divides the servant from the lady of the manor. Wilde’s audience would recognize this behavior on the part of the servants and the upper class. The stuffy class distinctions defined the society in which they lived. In an age of social registers, Lady Bracknell laments that even the Court Guides have errors. In the next breath, she discusses bribing Gwendolen’s maid to find out what is happening in her daughter’s life. In Act III she also reveals that her aristocratic brother’s family entrusted their most precious possession — Jack — to a woman who is more interested in her handbag and manuscript than in what happens to the baby in her charge. Wilde seems to be questioning the values of a society that believes in social registers, hires other people to neglectfully watch its children, and uses bribery to keep track of the children who are not missing. The death of Bunbury gives Wilde the opportunity to speak of aristocratic fears and have some continued fun with the upper class’s lack of compassion about death. The 1885 Trafalgar Square riots brought on ruling-class fears of insurrection, anarchism and socialism. Wilde humorously touches on these fears when he allows Algernon to explain the explosion of Bunbury. Lady Bracknell, fearing the worst, exclaims, â€Å"Was he the victim of a revolutionary outrage? I was not aware that Mr. Bunbury was interested in social legislation. If so, he is well punished for his morbidity.† Evidently, to Lady Bracknell’s acquaintances, laws that protect the welfare of those less fortunate are strictly morbid subjects. In fact, this attitude seems to contradict the upper-class concern for reform. However, in reality, Wilde is confirming the upper-class definition of social reform: conforming to the status quo. In Act III Wilde makes a comment on the value of being homosexual with a veiled reference to Lady Lancing. When Lady Bracknell asserts that Cecily needs to have a more sophisticated hairstyle, she recommends â€Å"a thoroughly experienced French maid† who can make a great deal of change in a very short time. She explains that such a change happened to an acquaintance of hers, Lady Lancing, and that after three months â€Å"her own husband did not know her.† Jack uses the opportunity to make a pun on the word know, using it in an aside — a comment only the audience can hear. Jack interprets know to mean they no longer had sex, insinuating Lady Lancing’s preference for the French maid. He says, â€Å"And after six months nobody knew her,† indicating that the homosexual experience made a new woman of her. Although homosexuality would have been seen as immoral to Wilde’s audience, Jack indicates that being homosexual might be a good thing — almost as a social commentary — directly to the audience. It seems a double life is necessary after one is married, whether it be bunburying or the homosexual life Wilde was experiencing in an increasingly public way. Wilde continues his assault on family life in Act III by mentioning its strange qualities in several conversations. It appears rather strange, for example, that Lady Bracknell cannot even recall the Christian name of her brother-in-law, Algy’s father. Algernon’s father died before Algernon was one, so stranger yet is Algernon’s comment, â€Å"We were never even on speaking terms.† He gives that as the reason he cannot remember his father’s name. Further assaulting family life, Wilde has Lady Bracknell describe Lord Moncrieff as â€Å"eccentric† but excuses his behavior because it â€Å"was the result of the Indian climate, and marriage, and indigestions, and other things of that kind.† Marriage is lumped together with things such as indigestion. In explaining Lord Moncrieff’s marriage, Lady Bracknell says that he was â€Å"essentially a man of peace, except in his domestic life.† Her description invites suspicion that the local constabulary might have visited because of domestic disturbances. Family life and domestic bliss do not get high marks in Wilde’s estimation. When Miss Prism humorously resolves the problem of Jack’s lineage, Wilde takes his hero of unknown origins and paints him as the aristocrat who will now be assimilated into his rightful place in the social structure. Through the sad melodrama of Jack’s handbag parentage, Wilde exaggerates the Victorian clichà © of the poor foundling who makes good. As soon as Jack is known to be a member of the established aristocracy, a Moncrieff in fact, he is seen as an appropriate person for Gwendolen to marry. They will, according to Wilde, live happily ever after in wedded bliss and continue the aristocratic blindness to anything that truly matters. The tag line of the play, spoken by Jack, is a familiar convention in Victorian farces. In discovering that he has been telling the truth all along — his name is Ernest, and he has a brother — Jack makes fun of the Victorian virtues of sincerity and honesty and asks Gwendolen to forgive him for â€Å"speaking nothing but the truth.† He now realizes the importance of being the person he is supposed to be. Wilde is saying perhaps that a new kind of earnestness exists, one that is different from the virtues extolled by the Victorians. Maybe it is possible to be honest and understand what should be taken seriously in life rather than being deceptive, hypocritical, and superficial. Some readers believe, however, that the ending shows Jack mockingly redefining Victorian earnestness as just the opposite: a life of lies, pleasure and beauty. Critics debate the interpretation of the last line. A curious stage direction occurs in Act III, revealing the concern Wilde had for the staging of his play to compliment his ideas. As his couples come together and move apart, he emphasizes the choreography of the pairs. He has them speak in unison, both the women together and the men together. It matters not who they are; they are interchangeable. Marriage is simply an institution that is a gesture, like a christening. The unison speaking is very stylistic, not meant to be realistic at all. It reveals Wilde’s attitude that what is important in Victorian marriage — names — really should not be as important as other considerations. In the end, Wilde leaves his audience thinking about the trivial social conventions they deem important. Their Victorian virtues perhaps need redefining. Institutions such as marriage, religion, family values and money should perhaps have new interpretations. The character of people, rather than their names and family fortunes, should weigh most heavily when considering their worth. Wilde was able to use humor to skewer these attitudes and convince his audience about the importance of being earnest.

Gwen Cummings And Substance Use Disorder - 1365 Words

1. Introduction. 28 Days is about a woman named Gwen Cummings (played by Sandra Bullock), an alcoholic, who crashes a stolen limousine while intoxicated on the day of her sister’s wedding. She is then court-ordered to a rehabilitation center for 28 days to be treated for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), specifically for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). At first, she is reluctant from participating in any treatment programs and refuses to admit that she is an alcoholic. This film shows Gwen’s journey to recovery, where she struggles through withdrawal, has many flashback memories, goes through therapy, and also becomes friends with the other patients along the way. Ultimately, she begins to restore a relationship with her sister, Lily, while also realizing that her boyfriend, Jasper, is a bad influence, as she tries to regain her life. 2. Diagnosis. Gwen has a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), specifically Alcohol Use Disorder; she is addicted to alcohol. Gwen’s diagnosis accurately represents the DSM-5 criteria for a severe case of Alcohol Use Disorder (APA, 2013), based on evidence suggesting that she experienced at least 6 out of 11 types of symptoms. Expected to be a bridesmaid in Lily’s wedding, Gwen fails to meet these obligations by showing up late due to drinking and partying the night before. She exhibits a strong craving to drink alcohol, when she is shown drinking in the morning and has a bottle in hand at all times. This also suggests that Gwen has a high tolerance forShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, m echanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers